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The first establishment of the ancient city of Ephesus, located within the borders of Selçuk district in İzmir Province, dates back to 6000 BC. Recent research and excavations have identified settlements from the Bronze Age and the Hittite period on the mounds (prehistoric hill settlements) around Ephesus and on Ayasuluk Hill, where the castle is located. During the Hittite period, the city was known as Apasas. Around 1050 BC, migrants from Greece began to settle in the port city of Ephesus, and in 560 BC the city was moved to the area around the Temple of Artemis. The Ephesus visited today was founded around 300 BC by Lysimachus, one of the generals of Alexander the Great. Experiencing its most magnificent periods during the Hellenistic and Roman eras, Ephesus became the capital of the Asia province and the largest port city with a population of 200,000. During the Byzantine period, Ephesus was relocated again and returned to Ayasuluk Hill in Selçuk, where it was first established.
Ephesus Ancient City is one of the most impressive archaeological sites not only in Türkiye but in the world. Serving as a bridge between East and West, this unique city has been a center of trade, culture, and belief throughout history. Hosting one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, the Temple of Artemis, is one of the most important features that makes Ephesus unique.
With a population that reached 200,000 in ancient times, Ephesus was a true metropolis. Today, it still holds great importance in tourism, welcoming approximately 1.5 million visitors each year. The ruins spread over a vast area offer visitors a true journey through time.
The most remarkable feature of Ephesus is its strategic location as a major port city and trade center. This advantage enabled the city to become the capital of the Asia province during the Roman period. At the same time, Ephesus was an important religious center, serving as the center of the Artemis cult, the mother goddess of Anatolia.
One of the oldest settlement areas of Ephesus, Ayasuluk Hill holds great significance for the Christian world with the Church of St. John. Remains from the Byzantine period can also be seen here.
The Temple of Artemis, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, is one of the most important religious structures of Ephesus. Although only limited remains exist today, its historical value is immense.
This structure, which has become the symbol of Ephesus, is one of the largest libraries of the ancient world. Its architectural details captivate visitors.
With a capacity of 25,000 people, it is one of the largest theatres of its time. It hosted many events, from gladiator fights to theatrical performances.
One of the main streets of Ephesus, this road is surrounded by historical structures and monuments. As you walk, you can feel the traces of the past.
Built in honor of Roman Emperor Hadrian, this temple stands out with its intricate craftsmanship and reliefs.
These houses, belonging to the wealthy class of Ephesus, are decorated with mosaics and frescoes. It is an ideal place to see the details of ancient life.
Ephesus is not only a place to visit but also a destination to experience. Here’s what you can do:
Selçuk and its surroundings offer some of the finest examples of Aegean cuisine. During your visit to Ephesus, be sure to try:
The ideal times to visit the Ancient City of Ephesus are spring and autumn months. During these periods, the weather is cooler and more suitable for exploring. In summer, temperatures can be quite high, so early morning hours are recommended.
Ephesus Ancient City, with its thousands of years of history, fascinating structures, and cultural richness, is a must-see destination. Whether you are a history enthusiast or planning an unforgettable trip, Ephesus offers a unique experience.
Start planning now and embark on an unforgettable journey into the heart of the ancient world. Ephesus is waiting for you!
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